Concrete Art (1930s–1970s)
Max Bill and Richard Paul Lohse in Switzerland pursued an art whose only subject was its own formal structure. Colour progressions move through systematic permutations; grids organise space with mathematical exactitude. No metaphor, no expression, no illusion — the form is the complete content. Concrete Art directly fed Swiss graphic design; it looks like graphic design but refuses to communicate anything except its own order.
Fête poster
Gig poster